The cheetahs are known to have extremely low genetic variation, which makes the survival of this species even more difficult. The development of tourism in the areas of their habitat can become another serious threat: tourist vehicles can drive the cheetahs away from their kills and separate cubs from their mother. These animals are persecuted by farmers due to being predators, and hunting livestock. The major threats to the cheetah population include diseases, habitat loss, hunting, and direct persecution. A low-pitched alarm call is used to warn the cubs to stand still. Other vocalizations include gurgling noise, "nyam nyam" sound "ihn ihn" sound to gather cubs, and a "prr prr" to guide them on a journey. These spotted felids are very vocal and have a broad repertoire of calls and sounds such as chirps (or a "stutter-barks"), churrs (or churtlings), purring, bleating, coughing, growling, hissing, meowing and moaning (or yowling). In areas of minimal cover, cheetahs will approach within 200 m (660 ft) of the prey and start the chase. They can also lie hidden in the cover and wait for the prey to come nearer. They will stalk their prey, trying to stay unnoticed in cover, and approach as close as possible, often within 60 to 70 m (200 to 230 ft) of the prey. When hunting cheetahs use their vision instead of their sense of smell they keep a lookout for prey from resting sites or low branches. Cheetahs often inspect their vicinity at observation points such as elevations to check for prey or larger carnivores even while resting, they take turns keeping a lookout. Groups rest in grassy clearings after dusk. Hunting is the major activity of cheetahs throughout the day, with peaks during dawn and dusk. The home range of a cheetah can cover a large territory, sometimes overlapping with that of another cheetah or a lion. Females lead a nomadic life searching for prey in large home ranges, while males are more sedentary and instead establish much smaller territories in areas with plentiful prey and access to females. Cheetahs live in three main social groups: females and their cubs, male "coalitions", and solitary males. Unlike other large African predators such as lions or hyenas, cheetahs are most active during the day this way they avoid competition for food with these animals.
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